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Combing is a process which is introduced into the spinning of finer and high-quality yarns from cotton. It is carried out in order to improve the quality of the sliver. The carded materials (sliver) contain certain amount of short fibers, neps, fine kitty and leaf particles. Short fibers are a hindrance to spinning of finer counts where the number of fiber in the cross section of the yarn is less. The short fibers cause thick and uneven places in the yarn length and the yarn looks hairy. Apart from this, very short fibers do not contribute anything to yarn strength. Short fibers below a certain pre-determined length can be easily separated out by using comber machine.
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Objects of Comber:
To remove the short fibers below a pre-selected length so that the spinner enable to produce finer or better quality of yarn that cannot be possible in carding state.
Elimination of remaining impurities.
Elimination of large proportion (not all) of the neps in the fiber.
Formation of sliver having maximum possible evenness.
To straighten the fibers.
Contribution of Comber to Yarn Quality:
To improve the uniformity and strength
Improve the spinning value of fiber.
Reduce the neps in the yarn.
Improve smoothness and luster of yarn.
Produce much clear yarn.
Improve the efficiency of the next process.
Reduce the hairiness of the yarn.
Improve better twist distribution in the yarn.
Advantages of Combing Process:
Combing provides multiple advantages in subsequent processing steps that are summarized below:
1. Purpose of combing process:
Removal of short fibers
Fibers parallelization
Removal of contaminants
2. Advantages of the combed sliver:
Improvement of the histogram
Parallel, straightened fibers
Very low dirt content
3. Advantages during spinning and in the yarn:
Compared to uncombed cotton,
Yarn tenacity is higher
Yarns of finer titer can be spun
Higher production speeds are possible
Yarn twist can be reduced
Less yarn breaks occur during spinning
Less fiber fly is released during spinning
4. Advantages during weaving, knitting preparation:
Higher efficiency in comparison to yarns of uncombed cotton is caused by
Less yarn breaks,
Less abrasion (less yarn friction),
Less fiber fly
5. Advantages during weaving/knitting:
During weaving and knitting, combing provides
Higher tenacity of the woven or knitted fabrics
Less contamination
Higher bursting strength
Better luster
Less hairiness
Softer handle